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Latest from the lab
2025
Pilon, N., Peixoto, F., Oliveira, R.S., Oliveira, A.C.C., Alquéres, J., Alvarado, S., Angelo, J.G., Archibald, S., Armani, M., Baldaszti, L. and Barot, S., 2025. Open letter: There are more than just trees and forests to be conserved and restored. Plants, People, Planet. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10635
Knowles, T., Stevens, N., Amoako, E.E., Armani, M., Barbosa, C., Beale, C., Bond, W., Chidumayo, E., Courtney-Mustaphi, C., Dintwe, K. and Dobson, A., 2025. Viability and desirability of financing conservation in Africa through fire management. Nature Sustainability, pp.1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01490-9
Njoghomi, E.E., Valkonen, S. and Archibald, S., 2025. Pathways towards Miombo Restoration: A Lesson from Fire and Grazing Exclusion Plots at Kitulangalo Miombo Woodlands, Morogoro Tanzania. Open Journal of Ecology, 15(1), pp.92-99. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2025.151005
2024
Glennon, K.L., Niemann, H.J. and Archibald, S., 2024. Fire-mediated effects on polyploid biology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 39(5), pp. 424-426.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.007
Ernst, Y., Archibald, S., Balzter, H., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Fischer, C.G., Gaubert, B., Higginbottom, T., Higgins, S., Lawal, S. and Lacroix, F., 2024. The African regional greenhouse gases budget (2010–2019). Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 38(4), p.e2023GB008016. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-606
Singh, J., Donaldson, J.E., Archibald, S., Parr, C.L., Voysey, M.D. and Davies, A.B., 2024. Small‐scale fires interact with herbivore feedbacks to create persistent grazing lawn environments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 61, pp.1531-1545. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14645
Wieczorkowski, J.D., Lehmann, C.E., Archibald, S., Banda, S., Goyder, D.J., Kaluwe, M., Kapinga, K., Larridon, I., Mashau, A.C., Phiri, E. and Syampungani, S., 2024. Fire facilitates ground layer plant diversity in a Miombo ecosystem. Annals of Botany, 133(5-6), pp.743-756. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae035
Millan, M., Ottaviani, G., Beckett, H., Archibald, S., Mangena, H., and Stevens, N., 2024, Disentangling the effect of growth from development in size‐related trait scaling relationships. Plant Biology, 26(3), pp.485-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13634
2023
Slooten, E., Jordaan, E., White, J.D.M., Archibald, S., and Siebert, F., 2023. South African grasslands and ploughing: Outlook for agricultural expansion in Africa. South African Journal of Science, 119(9-10), pp.1-4. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/15540
Pereira, L.M., Gianelli, I., Achieng, T., Amon, D., Archibald, S., Arif, S., Castro, A., Chimbadzwa, T.P., Coetzer, K., Field, T., et al., 2023. Equity and Justice should underpin the discourse on Tipping Points. Earth System Dynamics, 15(2), pp.341-366. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-341-2024
2022
Hempson, G.P., Parr, C.L., Lehmann, C.E.R., and Archibald, S., 2022. Grazing lawns and overgrazing in frequently grazed grass communities. Ecology and Evolution, 12(9), p.e9268. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9268
Buisson, E., Archibald, S., Fidelis, A., and Suding, K.N., 2022. Ancient grasslands guide ambitious goals in grassland restoration. Science, 377(6606), pp.594-598. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo4605
Trotter, F.D., Lehmann, C.E.R., Donaldson, J.E., Mangena, H.E., Parr, C.L., and Archibald, S., 2022 Drought and fire determine juvenile and adult woody diversity and dominance in a semi‐arid African savanna. Biotropica, 54(4), pp.1015-1029. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13126
Cardoso, A.W., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Coetsee, C., Forrest, M., Govender, N., Lehmann, D., Makaga, L., Mpanza, N., Ndong, J.E. and Koumba Pambo, A.F., 2022. Quantifying the environmental limits to fire spread in grassy ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(26), p.e2110364119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110364119
White, J.D., Stevens, N., Fisher, J.T., Archibald, S. and Reynolds, C., 2022. Nature‐reliant, low‐income households face the highest rates of woody‐plant encroachment in South Africa. People and Nature, 4(4), pp.1020-1031. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10329
Simpson, K.J., Archibald, S. and Osborne, C.P., 2022. Savanna fire regimes depend on grass trait diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 37(9), pp.749-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.010
Wu, C., Sitch, S., Huntingford, C., Mercado, L.M., Venevsky, S., Lasslop, G., Archibald, S. and Staver, A.C., 2022. Reduced global fire activity due to human demography slows global warming by enhanced land carbon uptake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(20), p.e2101186119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101186119
Nimmo, D.G., Andersen, A.N., Archibald, S., Boer, M.M., Brotons, L., Parr, C.L. and Tingley, M.W., 2022. Fire ecology for the 21st century. Diversity and Distributions, 28(3), pp.350-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13482
Govender, N., Staver, C., Archibald, S., Wigley-Coetsee, C., Strydom, T., Humphrey, G. and Kimuyu, D., 2022. Lessons from a century of evidence-based fire management in grassy ecosystems. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.v-vii. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2022.2035489
Govender, N., Archibald, S., Vetter, S. and Wigley-Coetsee, C., 2022. A tribute to Winston Smuts Watts Trollope–a firebrand and visionary in fire research. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.viii-x. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2021.2017132
Hamilton, T., Archibald, S. and Woodborne, S., 2022. Historic changes in the fire-rainfall relationship at a woodland-savanna transition zone in southern Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.70-81. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2022.2030408
Dabengwa, A.N., Archibald, S., Finch, J., Scott, L., Gillson, L. and Bond, W.J., 2022. Sedimentary charcoal studies from southern Africa’s grassy biomes: a potential resource for informing the management of fires and ecosystems. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.27-43. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2022.2030408
Dobson, A., Hopcraft, G., Mduma, S., Ogutu, J.O., Fryxell, J., Anderson, T.M., Archibald, S., Lehmann, C., Poole, J., Caro, T. and Mulder, M.B., 2022. Savannas are vital but overlooked carbon sinks. Science, 375(6579), pp.392-392. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn4482
2021
Simpson, K.J., Jardine, E.C., Archibald, S., Forrestel, E.J., Lehmann, C.E., Thomas, G.H. and Osborne, C.P., 2021. Resprouting grasses are associated with less frequent fire than seeders. New Phytologist, 230(2), pp.832-844. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17069
Mashau, A.C., Hempson, G.P., Lehmann, C.E., Vorontsova, M.S., Visser, V. and Archibald, S., 2021. Plant height and lifespan predict range size in southern African grasses. Journal of Biogeography, 48(12), pp.3047-3059. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14261
Fabris-Rotelli, I., Holloway, J., Kimmie, Z., Archibald, S., Debba, P., Docrat, R., le Roux, A., Dudeni-Tlhone, N., Van Rensburg, C.J., Thiede, R. and Abdelatif, N., 2021. A Spatial SEIR Model for COVID-19 in South Africa. Journal of Data Science, Statistics, and Visualisation, 2(7), pp.14-45. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202106.0262.v1
SEOSAW partnership, 2021. A network to understand the changing socio‐ecology of the southern African woodlands (SEOSAW): Challenges, benefits, and methods. Plants, People, Planet, 3(3), pp.249-267. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10168
Archibald, S., Twine, W., Mthabini, C. and Stevens, N., 2021. Browsing is a strong filter for savanna tree seedlings in their first growing season. Journal of Ecology, 109(10), pp.3685-3698. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13745
Voysey, M.D., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Donaldson, J.E., Carla Staver, A. and Greve, M., 2021. The role of browsers in maintaining the openness of savanna grazing lawns. Journal of Ecology, 109(2), pp.913-926. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13518
Archibald, S., and Field, C.B., 2021. Bob Scholes: Multifaceted scientist with a genius for synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(36), p.e2113299118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113299118
2020
Botha, M., Archibald, S. and Greve, M., 2020. What drives grassland‐forest boundaries? Assessing fire and frost effects on tree seedling survival and architecture. Ecology and evolution, 10(19), pp.10719-10734. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159129093.34632424
Wigley, B.J., Charles-Dominique, T., Hempson, G.P., Stevens, N., TeBeest, M., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Bunney, K., Coetsee, C., Donaldson, J. and Fidelis, A., 2020. A handbook for the standardised sampling of plant functional traits in disturbance-prone ecosystems, with a focus on open ecosystems. Australian Journal of Botany, 68(8), pp.473-531. https://doi.org/10.1071/bt20048
Lasslop, G., Hantson, S., Harrison, S.P., Bachelet, D., Burton, C., Forkel, M., Forrest, M., Li, F., Melton, J.R., Yue, C. and Archibald, S., 2020. Global ecosystems and fire: multi‐model assessment of fire‐induced tree cover and carbon storage reduction. Global Change Biology, 26(9), pp.5027-5041. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15160
Hantson, S., Kelley, D.I., Arneth, A., Harrison, S.P., Archibald, S., Bachelet, D., Forrest, M., Hickler, T., Lasslop, G., Li, F. and Mangeon, S., 2020. Quantitative assessment of fire and vegetation properties in simulations with fire-enabled vegetation models from the Fire Model Intercomparison Project. Geoscientific Model Development, 13(7), pp.3299-3318. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3299-2020
Alvarado, S.T., Andela, N., Silva, T.S. and Archibald, S., 2020. Thresholds of fire response to moisture and fuel load differ between tropical savannas and grasslands across continents. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 29(2), pp.331-344. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13034
Glennon, K.L., White, J., Reynolds, C., Risenga, I., Pillay, N., Archibald, S., Balkwill, K., Byrne, M., Cron, G., Engelbrecht, H. and Fisher, J., 2020. Misinterpretation of why black students do not pursue studies in the biological sciences. South African Journal of Science, 116(SPE), pp.1-3. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/8584
Kelly, L.T., Giljohann, K.M., Duane, A., Aquilué, N., Archibald, S., Batllori, E., Bennett, A.F., Buckland, S.T., Canelles, Q., Clarke, M.F. and Fortin, M.J., 2020. Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Science, 370(6519). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0355
2019
Veldman, J.W., Aleman, J.C., Alvarado, S.T., Anderson, T.M., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Boutton, T.W., Buchmann, N., Buisson, E., Canadell, J.G. and de Sá Dechoum, M., 2019. Comment on “The global tree restoration potential”. Science, 366(6463), p.eaay7976. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay7976
Donaldson, J.E., Parr, C.L., Mangena, E.H. and Archibald, S., 2019. Droughts Decouple African Savanna Grazers from Their Preferred Forage with Consequences for Grassland Productivity. Ecosystems, 23(3), pp.689-701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00438-x
Archibald, S. Hempson, G.P., Lehmann, C.E.R. 2019. A unified framework for plant life-history strategies shaped by fire and herbivory. New Phytologist, 224(4), pp.1490-1503. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15986
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S., Donaldson, J.E. and Lehmann, C.E., 2019. Alternate Grassy Ecosystem States Are Determined by Palatability–Flammability Trade-Offs. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 34(4), pp.286-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.007
Probert, J.R., Parr, C.L., Holdo, R.M., Anderson, T.M., Archibald, S., Courtney Mustaphi, C.J., Dobson, A.P., Donaldson, J.E., Hopcraft, G.C., Hempson, G.P. and Morrison, T.A., 2019. Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti‐Mara ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 25(10), pp.3406-3423. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14711
Smit, I.P. and Archibald, S., 2019. Herbivore culling influences spatio‐temporal patterns of fire in a semiarid savanna. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56(3), pp.711-721. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13312
2018
Johnson, C.N., Prior, L.D., Archibald, S., Poulos, H.M., Barton A.M., Williamson G.J., and Bowman, D.M.J.S., 2018. Can trophic rewilding reduce the impact of fire in a more flammable world? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1761), p.20170443. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0443
Stevens N., Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2018. Transplant experiments point to fire regime as limiting savanna tree distribution. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 6, p.137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00137
Masia, N.D., Nicola Stevens N., and Archibald, S., 2018. Identifying phenological functional types in savanna trees. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(2), pp.81-88. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1442367
Alvarado, S.T., Silva T.S.F., and Archibald, S., 2018. Management impacts on fire occurrence: A comparison of fire regimes of African and South American tropical savannas in different protected areas. Journal of environmental management, 218, pp.79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.004
McGranahan, D.A., Archibald, S., Kirkman, K.P. and O’Connor, T.G., 2018 A native C 3 grass alters fuels and fire spread in montane grassland of South Africa. Plant Ecology, 219, pp.621-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-018-0822-6
Archibald, S., Lehmann, C.E.R., Belcher, C.M., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Daniau, A.L., Dexter, K.G., Forrestel, E.J., Greve, M., He, T., and Higgins, S.I., et al., 2018. Biological and geophysical feedbacks with fire in the Earth system. Environmental Research Letters, 13(3), p.033003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9ead
Beale, C.M., Courtney Mustaphi, C.J., Morrison, T.A., Archibald, S., Anderson, T.M., Dobson, A.P., Donaldson, J.E., Hempson, G.P., Probert, J. and Parr, C.L., 2018. Pyrodiversity interacts with rainfall to increase bird and mammal richness in African savannas. Ecology letters, 21(4), pp.557-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12921
Linder, H.P., Lehmann, C.E., Archibald, S., Osborne, C.P. and Richardson, D.M., 2018. Global grass (Poaceae) success underpinned by traits facilitating colonization, persistence and habitat transformation. Biological Reviews, 93(2), pp.1125-1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12388
Donaldson, J.E., Archibald, S., Govender, N., Pollard, D., Luhdo, Z. and Parr, C.L., 2018. Ecological engineering through fire‐herbivory feedbacks drives the formation of savanna grazing lawns. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55(1), pp.225-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12956
2017
Griffith, D.M., Lehmann, C.E.R., Strömberg, C.A.E., Parr, C.L., Pennington, R.T., Sankaran, M., Ratnam, J., Still, C.J., Powell, R.L., Hanan, N.P., Nippert, J.B., Osborne, C.P., Good, S.P., Anderson, M.T., Holdo, R.M., Veldman, J.W., Durigan, G., Tomlinson, K.W., Hoffmann, W.A., Archibald, S., and Bond W.J., 2017. Comment on “The extent of forest in dryland biomes”. Science, 358(6365), p.eaao1309. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1309
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S. and Bond, W.J., 2017. The consequences of replacing wildlife with livestock in Africa. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.17196. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17348-4
Hempson, G.P., Parr, C.L., Archibald, S., Anderson, T.M., Mustaphi, C.J.C., Dobson, A.P., Donaldson, J.E., Morrison, T.A., Probert, J., and Beale, C.M., 2017. Continent‐level drivers of African pyrodiversity. Ecography, 41(6), pp.889-899. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03109
Whitecross, M.A., Witkowski, E.T.F., and Archibald, S., 2017. Assessing the frequency and drivers of early‐greening in broad‐leaved woodlands along a latitudinal gradient in southern Africa. Austral Ecology, 42, 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12448
Howisen, R.A., Olff, H.A.N., Owen-Smith, N., Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., and Archibald, S., 2017. The Abiotic Template for the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park’s Landscape Heterogeneity. Conserving Africa’s mega-diversity in the Anthropocene: The Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park story, 33, pp.33-55. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139382793.007
Archibald, S., Beckett, H., Bond, W.J., Ceotsee, C., Druce, D.J., and Staver, A.C., 2017. Interactions between Fire and Ecosystem Processes. Conserving Africa’s mega-diversity in the Anthropocene: The Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park story, 33, pp.233-262. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139382793.015
Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., Veldhuis, M.P. Le Roux, E., Gosling, C.M., and Archibald, S., 2017. The Functional Ecology of Grazing Lawns: How Grazers, Termites, People, and Fire Shape HiP’s Savanna Grassland Mosaic. Conserving Africa’s mega-diversity in the Anthropocene: The Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park story, 33, pp.135-160. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139382793.011
Musengi, K., and Archibald, S., 2017. Demographics of Eucalyptus grandis and implications for invasion. Koedoe, 59, pp.1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1437
Whitecross, M.A. Witkowski, E.T.F., and Archibald, S., 2017. Savanna tree-grass interactions: A phenological investigation of green-up in relation to water availability over three seasons. South African Journal of Botany, 108, pp.29-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.09.003
2016
Archibald, S. and Hempson, G.P., 2016. Competing consumers: contrasting the patterns and impacts of fire and mammalian herbivory in Africa. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1703), p.20150309. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0309
Archibald, S., 2016. Managing the human component of fire regimes: lessons from Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1696), p.20150346. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0346
Stevens, N., Erasmus, B.F.N., Archibald, S., and Bond W.J., 2016. Woody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazing, global change, or extinction aftershock? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1703), p.20150437. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0437
Hantson, S., Arneth, A., Harrison, S.P., Kelley, D.I., Prentice C., Rabin S. et al., 2016. The status and challenge of global fire modelling. Biogeosciences, 13(11), pp.3359-3375. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3359-2016
Balch, J.K., Nagy, N.C., Archibald, S., Bowman, D.M.J.S., Moritz, M.J. et al., 2016. Global combustion: the connection between fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions (1997–2010). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1696), p.20150177. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0177
Whitecross, M.A. Witkowski, E.T.F., and Archibald, S., 2016. No two are the same: Assessing variability in broad-leaved savanna tree phenology, with watering, from 2012 to 2014 at Nylsvley, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 104, pp.123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.03.016
Stevens, N., Archibald, S., Nickless, A., Swemmer, A., and Scholes, R.J., 2016. Evidence for facultative deciduousness in Colophospermum mopane in semi-arid African savannas. Austral Ecology, 41, pp.87-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12302
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2015. A continent-wide assessment of the form and intensity of large mammal herbivory in Africa. Science, 350(6264) 1056-1061. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7978
2015
Ripley, B., Visser, V., Christin, P.A., Archibald, S. Martin, T., and Osborne, C., 2015. Fire ecology of C3 and C4 grasses depends on evolutionary history and frequency of burning but not photosynthetic type. Ecology, 96(10). pp.2679-2691. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1495.1
Nel, J.L., Le Maitre, D.C., Nel, D.C., Reyers, B., Archibald, S., Van Wilgen, B.W., Forsyth, G.G., Theron, A.K., O’Farrell, P.J., Kahinda, J.M.M. and Engelbrecht, F.A., 2014. Natural hazards in a changing world: a case for ecosystem-based management. PloS one, 9(5), p.e95942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095942.g001
Biggs, R., Rhode, C., Archibald, S., Ocholla, P.O., Phadima, L.J., Kunene, L.M., Mutanga, S.S., and Nkuna, N., 2015. Strategies for managing complex social-ecological systems in the face of uncertainty: Examples from South Africa and beyond. Ecology and Society 20(1). pp.52. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-07380-200152
2014
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J, Ellis, R.P., Grant, C.C., Kruger, F.J., Kruger, L.M. et al., 2014. Ecology of grazing lawns in Africa. Biological Reviews, 90(3), pp.979-994. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12145
Stevens, N., Seal, C. E., Archibald, S., and Bond, W., 2014. Increasing temperatures can improve seedling establishment in arid-adapted savanna trees. Oecologia, 175, pp.1029–1040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2958-y
Yue, C., Ciais, P., Cadule, P., Thonicke, K., Archibald, S., Poulter, B., and Viovy, N., 2014. Modelling fires in the terrestrial carbon balance by incorporating SPITFIRE into the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE–Part 1: Simulating historical global burned area and fire regime. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 7(2), 2377-2427. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2747-2014
van Leeuwen, T.T., van der Werf, G.R., Hoffmann, A.A., Detmers, R.G., Rücker, G., French, N.H., Archibald, S., Carvalho Jr, J.A., Cook, G.D., de Groot, W.J. and Hély, C., 2014. Biomass burning fuel consumption rates: a field measurement database. Biogeosciences, 11(24), pp.7305-7329. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7305-2014
Lehmann, C., Anderson, T.M., Sankaran, M., Higgins, S.I., Archibald, S., Hoffmann, W.A., Hanan, N.P., Williams, R.J., Fensham, R., Felfili, J., Hutley, L., Ratnam, J., San Jose, J., Montes, R., Franklin, D., Russell-Smith, J., Ryan, C., Haidar, R., and Bond, W.J., 2014. Savanna Vegetation-Fire-Climate Relationships Differ Among Continents. Science 343, pp.548-552. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1247355
Tsela, P., Wessels, K., Botai, J., Archibald, S., Swanepoel, D., Steenkamp, K., and Frost, P., 2014. Validation of the Two Standard MODIS Satellite Burned-Area Products and an Empirically-Derived Merged Product in South Africa. Remote Sensing of Environment, 6, pp.1275-129. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6021275
2013
Archibald, S. Lehmann, C.L., Gomez-Dans, J.L., and Bradstock, R.A., 2013. Defining Pyromes and global syndromes of fire regimes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, pp.6442-6447. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211466110
Sjastram, M. Zhao, M. Archibald, S. Arneth, A. Cappelaere, B. et al., 2013. Evaluation of MODIS gross primary productivity for Africa using eddy covariance data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 131, pp.275 – 286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.023
Khalefa, E., Smit, I.P.J. Nickless, A., Archibald, S., Comber, A., and Balzter, H., 2013. Retrieval of Savanna Vegetation Canopy Height from ICESat-GLAS Spaceborne LiDAR with Terrain Correction. IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS, 10(6), pp.1439-1443. https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2259793
2012
Whitecross, M.A. Archibald, S., and Witkowski, E.T.F., 2012. Do freeze events create a demographic bottleneck for Colophospermum mopane? South African Journal of Botany 83, pp.9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.07.008
Archibald, S. Staver, A., and Levin S., 2012. The evolution of human driven fire regimes in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, pp.847-852. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118648109
2011
Scholes, R.J., Archibald, S., and Von Maltitz, G., 2011. Emissions from fire in Sub-saharan Africa: the magnitude of sources, their variability and uncertainty. Global Environmental Research, 15, pp.53-63.
Staver, A., Archibald, S., Levin, S., 2011. The global extent and determinants of savanna and forest as alternative biome states. Science, 334, pp.230-232. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210465
Lehmann, C., Archibald, S., Hoffman, W.B., and Bond, W.J., 2011. Deciphering the distribution of the savanna biome. New Phytologist, 91, pp.197-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03689.x
Staver, A., Archibald, S., Levin, S., 2011. Tree cover in sub-Saharan Africa: rainfall and fire constrain forest and savanna as alternative stable states. Ecology Letters, 92, pp.1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1684.1
Ratnam, J., Bond, W.J., Fensham, R.J., Hoffmann, W.A., Archibald, S., Lehmann, C.E.R., Anderson, M.T., Higgins, S.I., and Sankaran, M., 2011. When is a ‘forest’a savanna, and why does it matter? Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20(5), pp.653-660. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00634.x
Nickless, A., Scholes, R.J., and Archibald, S., 2011. A method for calculating the variance and confidence intervals for biomass estimates obtained from allometric equations. South African Journal of Science, 107, pp.1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i5/6.356
Wessels, K., Steenkamp, K., Von Maltitz, G., and Archibald, S., 2011. Remotely-sensed vegetation phenology for describing and predicting the biomes of South Africa. Journal of Applied Vegetation Science, 4(1), pp.49–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01100.x
Wooster, M.J., Freeborn, P.H., Archibald, S., Oppenheimer, C., Roberts, G.J., Smith, T. E. L., Govender, N., Burton, M., and Palumbo, I., 2011. Field determination of biomass burning emission ratios and factors via open-path FTIR spectroscopy and fire radiative power assessment: headfire, backfire and residual smouldering combustion in African savannahs. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, pp.11591–11615. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11591-2011
2010
Hanan, N. P., Boulain, N., Williams, C. A., Scholes, R. J., and Archibald, S., 2010. Ecosystem Function in Savannas. In: Hill, M. J. & Hanan, N. P. (Eds.): Measurement and Modelling at Landscape to Global Scales Functional convergence in ecosystem carbon exchange in adjacent savanna vegetation types of the Kruger National Park, South Africa CRC Press, pp.77-95. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10275-7
Archibald, S., Nickless, A., Govender, N., Scholes, R., and Lehsten, V., 2010. Climate and the inter-annual variability of fire in southern Africa. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19, pp.794-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00568.x
Archibald, S., Scholes, R., Roy, D., Roberts, G., and Boschetti, L., 2010. Southern African fire regimes as revealed by remote sensing. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19(7), pp.861-878. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf10008
Archibald, S., Nickless, A., Schulze, R., and Scholes, R., 2010. Defining an appropriate measure of accumulated rainfall to estimate fuel loads and derive burnt area.
International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, pp.774-786.
2009
Archibald, S., Roy, D.P., Van Wilgen, B., and Scholes, R.J., 2009. What limits fire? An examination of drivers of burnt area in southern Africa. Global Change Biology 15, pp.613-630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x
Archibald, S., Kirton, A., van der Merwe, M., Scholes, R.J., Williams, C.A., and Hanan, N., 2009. Drivers of inter-annual variability in Net Ecosystem Exchange in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem, South Africa. Biogeosciences, 5, pp.3221-3266. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-251-2009
Merbold, L., Ardo, J., Arnet, A., Scholes, R.J., Nouvello, Y., de Grandcort, A., Archibald, S. et al., 2009. Precipitation as driver of carbon fluxes in 11 African ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 6(6), pp.1027-1041. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1027-2009
2008
Archibald, S., 2008. African Grazing Lawns – How fire, rainfall, and grazer numbers interact to affect grass community states. Journal of Wildlife Management, 72(2), pp.492-502. https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-045
2007
Archibald, S., and Scholes, R.J., 2007. Leaf green-up in a semi-arid African savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science, 18(4), pp.583-594. https://doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2007)18[583:lgiasa]2.0.co;2
2005
Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Stock, W., and Fairbanks, D.F., 2005. Shaping the landscape: fire-grazer interactions in an African savanna. Ecological Applications 15(1), pp.96-109. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5210
2004
Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2004. Grazer movements: spatial and temporal responses to burning in a tall-grass African savanna. International Journal of Wildlands and Fire, 13, pp.377-385. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf03070
2003
Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2003. Growing tall vs growing wide: Tree architecture and allometry of Acacia karroo in forest, savanna, and arid environments. Oikos, 102, pp.3-14. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12181.x
Bond, W.J., and Archibald, S., 2003. Confronting complexity: fire policy choices in South African savanna parks. International Journal of Wildlands and Fire, 12, pp.381-389. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf03024
Pilon, N., Peixoto, F., Oliveira, R.S., Oliveira, A.C.C., Alquéres, J., Alvarado, S., Angelo, J.G., Archibald, S., Armani, M., Baldaszti, L. and Barot, S., 2025. Open letter: There are more than just trees and forests to be conserved and restored. Plants, People, Planet. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10635
Knowles, T., Stevens, N., Amoako, E.E., Armani, M., Barbosa, C., Beale, C., Bond, W., Chidumayo, E., Courtney-Mustaphi, C., Dintwe, K. and Dobson, A., 2025. Viability and desirability of financing conservation in Africa through fire management. Nature Sustainability, pp.1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01490-9
Njoghomi, E.E., Valkonen, S. and Archibald, S., 2025. Pathways towards Miombo Restoration: A Lesson from Fire and Grazing Exclusion Plots at Kitulangalo Miombo Woodlands, Morogoro Tanzania. Open Journal of Ecology, 15(1), pp.92-99. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2025.151005
2024
Glennon, K.L., Niemann, H.J. and Archibald, S., 2024. Fire-mediated effects on polyploid biology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 39(5), pp. 424-426.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.007
Ernst, Y., Archibald, S., Balzter, H., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Fischer, C.G., Gaubert, B., Higginbottom, T., Higgins, S., Lawal, S. and Lacroix, F., 2024. The African regional greenhouse gases budget (2010–2019). Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 38(4), p.e2023GB008016. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-606
Singh, J., Donaldson, J.E., Archibald, S., Parr, C.L., Voysey, M.D. and Davies, A.B., 2024. Small‐scale fires interact with herbivore feedbacks to create persistent grazing lawn environments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 61, pp.1531-1545. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14645
Wieczorkowski, J.D., Lehmann, C.E., Archibald, S., Banda, S., Goyder, D.J., Kaluwe, M., Kapinga, K., Larridon, I., Mashau, A.C., Phiri, E. and Syampungani, S., 2024. Fire facilitates ground layer plant diversity in a Miombo ecosystem. Annals of Botany, 133(5-6), pp.743-756. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae035
Millan, M., Ottaviani, G., Beckett, H., Archibald, S., Mangena, H., and Stevens, N., 2024, Disentangling the effect of growth from development in size‐related trait scaling relationships. Plant Biology, 26(3), pp.485-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13634
2023
Slooten, E., Jordaan, E., White, J.D.M., Archibald, S., and Siebert, F., 2023. South African grasslands and ploughing: Outlook for agricultural expansion in Africa. South African Journal of Science, 119(9-10), pp.1-4. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/15540
Pereira, L.M., Gianelli, I., Achieng, T., Amon, D., Archibald, S., Arif, S., Castro, A., Chimbadzwa, T.P., Coetzer, K., Field, T., et al., 2023. Equity and Justice should underpin the discourse on Tipping Points. Earth System Dynamics, 15(2), pp.341-366. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-341-2024
2022
Hempson, G.P., Parr, C.L., Lehmann, C.E.R., and Archibald, S., 2022. Grazing lawns and overgrazing in frequently grazed grass communities. Ecology and Evolution, 12(9), p.e9268. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9268
Buisson, E., Archibald, S., Fidelis, A., and Suding, K.N., 2022. Ancient grasslands guide ambitious goals in grassland restoration. Science, 377(6606), pp.594-598. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo4605
Trotter, F.D., Lehmann, C.E.R., Donaldson, J.E., Mangena, H.E., Parr, C.L., and Archibald, S., 2022 Drought and fire determine juvenile and adult woody diversity and dominance in a semi‐arid African savanna. Biotropica, 54(4), pp.1015-1029. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13126
Cardoso, A.W., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Coetsee, C., Forrest, M., Govender, N., Lehmann, D., Makaga, L., Mpanza, N., Ndong, J.E. and Koumba Pambo, A.F., 2022. Quantifying the environmental limits to fire spread in grassy ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(26), p.e2110364119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110364119
White, J.D., Stevens, N., Fisher, J.T., Archibald, S. and Reynolds, C., 2022. Nature‐reliant, low‐income households face the highest rates of woody‐plant encroachment in South Africa. People and Nature, 4(4), pp.1020-1031. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10329
Simpson, K.J., Archibald, S. and Osborne, C.P., 2022. Savanna fire regimes depend on grass trait diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 37(9), pp.749-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.010
Wu, C., Sitch, S., Huntingford, C., Mercado, L.M., Venevsky, S., Lasslop, G., Archibald, S. and Staver, A.C., 2022. Reduced global fire activity due to human demography slows global warming by enhanced land carbon uptake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(20), p.e2101186119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101186119
Nimmo, D.G., Andersen, A.N., Archibald, S., Boer, M.M., Brotons, L., Parr, C.L. and Tingley, M.W., 2022. Fire ecology for the 21st century. Diversity and Distributions, 28(3), pp.350-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13482
Govender, N., Staver, C., Archibald, S., Wigley-Coetsee, C., Strydom, T., Humphrey, G. and Kimuyu, D., 2022. Lessons from a century of evidence-based fire management in grassy ecosystems. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.v-vii. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2022.2035489
Govender, N., Archibald, S., Vetter, S. and Wigley-Coetsee, C., 2022. A tribute to Winston Smuts Watts Trollope–a firebrand and visionary in fire research. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.viii-x. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2021.2017132
Hamilton, T., Archibald, S. and Woodborne, S., 2022. Historic changes in the fire-rainfall relationship at a woodland-savanna transition zone in southern Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.70-81. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2022.2030408
Dabengwa, A.N., Archibald, S., Finch, J., Scott, L., Gillson, L. and Bond, W.J., 2022. Sedimentary charcoal studies from southern Africa’s grassy biomes: a potential resource for informing the management of fires and ecosystems. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 39(1), pp.27-43. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2022.2030408
Dobson, A., Hopcraft, G., Mduma, S., Ogutu, J.O., Fryxell, J., Anderson, T.M., Archibald, S., Lehmann, C., Poole, J., Caro, T. and Mulder, M.B., 2022. Savannas are vital but overlooked carbon sinks. Science, 375(6579), pp.392-392. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn4482
2021
Simpson, K.J., Jardine, E.C., Archibald, S., Forrestel, E.J., Lehmann, C.E., Thomas, G.H. and Osborne, C.P., 2021. Resprouting grasses are associated with less frequent fire than seeders. New Phytologist, 230(2), pp.832-844. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17069
Mashau, A.C., Hempson, G.P., Lehmann, C.E., Vorontsova, M.S., Visser, V. and Archibald, S., 2021. Plant height and lifespan predict range size in southern African grasses. Journal of Biogeography, 48(12), pp.3047-3059. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14261
Fabris-Rotelli, I., Holloway, J., Kimmie, Z., Archibald, S., Debba, P., Docrat, R., le Roux, A., Dudeni-Tlhone, N., Van Rensburg, C.J., Thiede, R. and Abdelatif, N., 2021. A Spatial SEIR Model for COVID-19 in South Africa. Journal of Data Science, Statistics, and Visualisation, 2(7), pp.14-45. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202106.0262.v1
SEOSAW partnership, 2021. A network to understand the changing socio‐ecology of the southern African woodlands (SEOSAW): Challenges, benefits, and methods. Plants, People, Planet, 3(3), pp.249-267. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10168
Archibald, S., Twine, W., Mthabini, C. and Stevens, N., 2021. Browsing is a strong filter for savanna tree seedlings in their first growing season. Journal of Ecology, 109(10), pp.3685-3698. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13745
Voysey, M.D., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Donaldson, J.E., Carla Staver, A. and Greve, M., 2021. The role of browsers in maintaining the openness of savanna grazing lawns. Journal of Ecology, 109(2), pp.913-926. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13518
Archibald, S., and Field, C.B., 2021. Bob Scholes: Multifaceted scientist with a genius for synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(36), p.e2113299118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113299118
2020
Botha, M., Archibald, S. and Greve, M., 2020. What drives grassland‐forest boundaries? Assessing fire and frost effects on tree seedling survival and architecture. Ecology and evolution, 10(19), pp.10719-10734. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159129093.34632424
Wigley, B.J., Charles-Dominique, T., Hempson, G.P., Stevens, N., TeBeest, M., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Bunney, K., Coetsee, C., Donaldson, J. and Fidelis, A., 2020. A handbook for the standardised sampling of plant functional traits in disturbance-prone ecosystems, with a focus on open ecosystems. Australian Journal of Botany, 68(8), pp.473-531. https://doi.org/10.1071/bt20048
Lasslop, G., Hantson, S., Harrison, S.P., Bachelet, D., Burton, C., Forkel, M., Forrest, M., Li, F., Melton, J.R., Yue, C. and Archibald, S., 2020. Global ecosystems and fire: multi‐model assessment of fire‐induced tree cover and carbon storage reduction. Global Change Biology, 26(9), pp.5027-5041. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15160
Hantson, S., Kelley, D.I., Arneth, A., Harrison, S.P., Archibald, S., Bachelet, D., Forrest, M., Hickler, T., Lasslop, G., Li, F. and Mangeon, S., 2020. Quantitative assessment of fire and vegetation properties in simulations with fire-enabled vegetation models from the Fire Model Intercomparison Project. Geoscientific Model Development, 13(7), pp.3299-3318. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3299-2020
Alvarado, S.T., Andela, N., Silva, T.S. and Archibald, S., 2020. Thresholds of fire response to moisture and fuel load differ between tropical savannas and grasslands across continents. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 29(2), pp.331-344. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13034
Glennon, K.L., White, J., Reynolds, C., Risenga, I., Pillay, N., Archibald, S., Balkwill, K., Byrne, M., Cron, G., Engelbrecht, H. and Fisher, J., 2020. Misinterpretation of why black students do not pursue studies in the biological sciences. South African Journal of Science, 116(SPE), pp.1-3. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/8584
Kelly, L.T., Giljohann, K.M., Duane, A., Aquilué, N., Archibald, S., Batllori, E., Bennett, A.F., Buckland, S.T., Canelles, Q., Clarke, M.F. and Fortin, M.J., 2020. Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Science, 370(6519). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0355
2019
Veldman, J.W., Aleman, J.C., Alvarado, S.T., Anderson, T.M., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Boutton, T.W., Buchmann, N., Buisson, E., Canadell, J.G. and de Sá Dechoum, M., 2019. Comment on “The global tree restoration potential”. Science, 366(6463), p.eaay7976. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay7976
Donaldson, J.E., Parr, C.L., Mangena, E.H. and Archibald, S., 2019. Droughts Decouple African Savanna Grazers from Their Preferred Forage with Consequences for Grassland Productivity. Ecosystems, 23(3), pp.689-701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00438-x
Archibald, S. Hempson, G.P., Lehmann, C.E.R. 2019. A unified framework for plant life-history strategies shaped by fire and herbivory. New Phytologist, 224(4), pp.1490-1503. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15986
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S., Donaldson, J.E. and Lehmann, C.E., 2019. Alternate Grassy Ecosystem States Are Determined by Palatability–Flammability Trade-Offs. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 34(4), pp.286-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.007
Probert, J.R., Parr, C.L., Holdo, R.M., Anderson, T.M., Archibald, S., Courtney Mustaphi, C.J., Dobson, A.P., Donaldson, J.E., Hopcraft, G.C., Hempson, G.P. and Morrison, T.A., 2019. Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti‐Mara ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 25(10), pp.3406-3423. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14711
Smit, I.P. and Archibald, S., 2019. Herbivore culling influences spatio‐temporal patterns of fire in a semiarid savanna. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56(3), pp.711-721. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13312
2018
Johnson, C.N., Prior, L.D., Archibald, S., Poulos, H.M., Barton A.M., Williamson G.J., and Bowman, D.M.J.S., 2018. Can trophic rewilding reduce the impact of fire in a more flammable world? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1761), p.20170443. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0443
Stevens N., Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2018. Transplant experiments point to fire regime as limiting savanna tree distribution. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 6, p.137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00137
Masia, N.D., Nicola Stevens N., and Archibald, S., 2018. Identifying phenological functional types in savanna trees. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 35(2), pp.81-88. https://doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1442367
Alvarado, S.T., Silva T.S.F., and Archibald, S., 2018. Management impacts on fire occurrence: A comparison of fire regimes of African and South American tropical savannas in different protected areas. Journal of environmental management, 218, pp.79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.004
McGranahan, D.A., Archibald, S., Kirkman, K.P. and O’Connor, T.G., 2018 A native C 3 grass alters fuels and fire spread in montane grassland of South Africa. Plant Ecology, 219, pp.621-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-018-0822-6
Archibald, S., Lehmann, C.E.R., Belcher, C.M., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Daniau, A.L., Dexter, K.G., Forrestel, E.J., Greve, M., He, T., and Higgins, S.I., et al., 2018. Biological and geophysical feedbacks with fire in the Earth system. Environmental Research Letters, 13(3), p.033003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9ead
Beale, C.M., Courtney Mustaphi, C.J., Morrison, T.A., Archibald, S., Anderson, T.M., Dobson, A.P., Donaldson, J.E., Hempson, G.P., Probert, J. and Parr, C.L., 2018. Pyrodiversity interacts with rainfall to increase bird and mammal richness in African savannas. Ecology letters, 21(4), pp.557-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12921
Linder, H.P., Lehmann, C.E., Archibald, S., Osborne, C.P. and Richardson, D.M., 2018. Global grass (Poaceae) success underpinned by traits facilitating colonization, persistence and habitat transformation. Biological Reviews, 93(2), pp.1125-1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12388
Donaldson, J.E., Archibald, S., Govender, N., Pollard, D., Luhdo, Z. and Parr, C.L., 2018. Ecological engineering through fire‐herbivory feedbacks drives the formation of savanna grazing lawns. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55(1), pp.225-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12956
2017
Griffith, D.M., Lehmann, C.E.R., Strömberg, C.A.E., Parr, C.L., Pennington, R.T., Sankaran, M., Ratnam, J., Still, C.J., Powell, R.L., Hanan, N.P., Nippert, J.B., Osborne, C.P., Good, S.P., Anderson, M.T., Holdo, R.M., Veldman, J.W., Durigan, G., Tomlinson, K.W., Hoffmann, W.A., Archibald, S., and Bond W.J., 2017. Comment on “The extent of forest in dryland biomes”. Science, 358(6365), p.eaao1309. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1309
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S. and Bond, W.J., 2017. The consequences of replacing wildlife with livestock in Africa. Scientific reports, 7(1), p.17196. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17348-4
Hempson, G.P., Parr, C.L., Archibald, S., Anderson, T.M., Mustaphi, C.J.C., Dobson, A.P., Donaldson, J.E., Morrison, T.A., Probert, J., and Beale, C.M., 2017. Continent‐level drivers of African pyrodiversity. Ecography, 41(6), pp.889-899. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03109
Whitecross, M.A., Witkowski, E.T.F., and Archibald, S., 2017. Assessing the frequency and drivers of early‐greening in broad‐leaved woodlands along a latitudinal gradient in southern Africa. Austral Ecology, 42, 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12448
Howisen, R.A., Olff, H.A.N., Owen-Smith, N., Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., and Archibald, S., 2017. The Abiotic Template for the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park’s Landscape Heterogeneity. Conserving Africa’s mega-diversity in the Anthropocene: The Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park story, 33, pp.33-55. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139382793.007
Archibald, S., Beckett, H., Bond, W.J., Ceotsee, C., Druce, D.J., and Staver, A.C., 2017. Interactions between Fire and Ecosystem Processes. Conserving Africa’s mega-diversity in the Anthropocene: The Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park story, 33, pp.233-262. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139382793.015
Cromsigt, J.P.G.M., Veldhuis, M.P. Le Roux, E., Gosling, C.M., and Archibald, S., 2017. The Functional Ecology of Grazing Lawns: How Grazers, Termites, People, and Fire Shape HiP’s Savanna Grassland Mosaic. Conserving Africa’s mega-diversity in the Anthropocene: The Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park story, 33, pp.135-160. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139382793.011
Musengi, K., and Archibald, S., 2017. Demographics of Eucalyptus grandis and implications for invasion. Koedoe, 59, pp.1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v59i1.1437
Whitecross, M.A. Witkowski, E.T.F., and Archibald, S., 2017. Savanna tree-grass interactions: A phenological investigation of green-up in relation to water availability over three seasons. South African Journal of Botany, 108, pp.29-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.09.003
2016
Archibald, S. and Hempson, G.P., 2016. Competing consumers: contrasting the patterns and impacts of fire and mammalian herbivory in Africa. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1703), p.20150309. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0309
Archibald, S., 2016. Managing the human component of fire regimes: lessons from Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1696), p.20150346. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0346
Stevens, N., Erasmus, B.F.N., Archibald, S., and Bond W.J., 2016. Woody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazing, global change, or extinction aftershock? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1703), p.20150437. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0437
Hantson, S., Arneth, A., Harrison, S.P., Kelley, D.I., Prentice C., Rabin S. et al., 2016. The status and challenge of global fire modelling. Biogeosciences, 13(11), pp.3359-3375. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3359-2016
Balch, J.K., Nagy, N.C., Archibald, S., Bowman, D.M.J.S., Moritz, M.J. et al., 2016. Global combustion: the connection between fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions (1997–2010). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1696), p.20150177. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0177
Whitecross, M.A. Witkowski, E.T.F., and Archibald, S., 2016. No two are the same: Assessing variability in broad-leaved savanna tree phenology, with watering, from 2012 to 2014 at Nylsvley, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 104, pp.123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.03.016
Stevens, N., Archibald, S., Nickless, A., Swemmer, A., and Scholes, R.J., 2016. Evidence for facultative deciduousness in Colophospermum mopane in semi-arid African savannas. Austral Ecology, 41, pp.87-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12302
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2015. A continent-wide assessment of the form and intensity of large mammal herbivory in Africa. Science, 350(6264) 1056-1061. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7978
2015
Ripley, B., Visser, V., Christin, P.A., Archibald, S. Martin, T., and Osborne, C., 2015. Fire ecology of C3 and C4 grasses depends on evolutionary history and frequency of burning but not photosynthetic type. Ecology, 96(10). pp.2679-2691. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1495.1
Nel, J.L., Le Maitre, D.C., Nel, D.C., Reyers, B., Archibald, S., Van Wilgen, B.W., Forsyth, G.G., Theron, A.K., O’Farrell, P.J., Kahinda, J.M.M. and Engelbrecht, F.A., 2014. Natural hazards in a changing world: a case for ecosystem-based management. PloS one, 9(5), p.e95942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095942.g001
Biggs, R., Rhode, C., Archibald, S., Ocholla, P.O., Phadima, L.J., Kunene, L.M., Mutanga, S.S., and Nkuna, N., 2015. Strategies for managing complex social-ecological systems in the face of uncertainty: Examples from South Africa and beyond. Ecology and Society 20(1). pp.52. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-07380-200152
2014
Hempson, G.P., Archibald, S., Bond, W.J, Ellis, R.P., Grant, C.C., Kruger, F.J., Kruger, L.M. et al., 2014. Ecology of grazing lawns in Africa. Biological Reviews, 90(3), pp.979-994. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12145
Stevens, N., Seal, C. E., Archibald, S., and Bond, W., 2014. Increasing temperatures can improve seedling establishment in arid-adapted savanna trees. Oecologia, 175, pp.1029–1040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2958-y
Yue, C., Ciais, P., Cadule, P., Thonicke, K., Archibald, S., Poulter, B., and Viovy, N., 2014. Modelling fires in the terrestrial carbon balance by incorporating SPITFIRE into the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE–Part 1: Simulating historical global burned area and fire regime. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 7(2), 2377-2427. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2747-2014
van Leeuwen, T.T., van der Werf, G.R., Hoffmann, A.A., Detmers, R.G., Rücker, G., French, N.H., Archibald, S., Carvalho Jr, J.A., Cook, G.D., de Groot, W.J. and Hély, C., 2014. Biomass burning fuel consumption rates: a field measurement database. Biogeosciences, 11(24), pp.7305-7329. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7305-2014
Lehmann, C., Anderson, T.M., Sankaran, M., Higgins, S.I., Archibald, S., Hoffmann, W.A., Hanan, N.P., Williams, R.J., Fensham, R., Felfili, J., Hutley, L., Ratnam, J., San Jose, J., Montes, R., Franklin, D., Russell-Smith, J., Ryan, C., Haidar, R., and Bond, W.J., 2014. Savanna Vegetation-Fire-Climate Relationships Differ Among Continents. Science 343, pp.548-552. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1247355
Tsela, P., Wessels, K., Botai, J., Archibald, S., Swanepoel, D., Steenkamp, K., and Frost, P., 2014. Validation of the Two Standard MODIS Satellite Burned-Area Products and an Empirically-Derived Merged Product in South Africa. Remote Sensing of Environment, 6, pp.1275-129. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6021275
2013
Archibald, S. Lehmann, C.L., Gomez-Dans, J.L., and Bradstock, R.A., 2013. Defining Pyromes and global syndromes of fire regimes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, pp.6442-6447. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211466110
Sjastram, M. Zhao, M. Archibald, S. Arneth, A. Cappelaere, B. et al., 2013. Evaluation of MODIS gross primary productivity for Africa using eddy covariance data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 131, pp.275 – 286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.023
Khalefa, E., Smit, I.P.J. Nickless, A., Archibald, S., Comber, A., and Balzter, H., 2013. Retrieval of Savanna Vegetation Canopy Height from ICESat-GLAS Spaceborne LiDAR with Terrain Correction. IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS, 10(6), pp.1439-1443. https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2259793
2012
Whitecross, M.A. Archibald, S., and Witkowski, E.T.F., 2012. Do freeze events create a demographic bottleneck for Colophospermum mopane? South African Journal of Botany 83, pp.9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2012.07.008
Archibald, S. Staver, A., and Levin S., 2012. The evolution of human driven fire regimes in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, pp.847-852. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118648109
2011
Scholes, R.J., Archibald, S., and Von Maltitz, G., 2011. Emissions from fire in Sub-saharan Africa: the magnitude of sources, their variability and uncertainty. Global Environmental Research, 15, pp.53-63.
Staver, A., Archibald, S., Levin, S., 2011. The global extent and determinants of savanna and forest as alternative biome states. Science, 334, pp.230-232. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210465
Lehmann, C., Archibald, S., Hoffman, W.B., and Bond, W.J., 2011. Deciphering the distribution of the savanna biome. New Phytologist, 91, pp.197-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03689.x
Staver, A., Archibald, S., Levin, S., 2011. Tree cover in sub-Saharan Africa: rainfall and fire constrain forest and savanna as alternative stable states. Ecology Letters, 92, pp.1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1684.1
Ratnam, J., Bond, W.J., Fensham, R.J., Hoffmann, W.A., Archibald, S., Lehmann, C.E.R., Anderson, M.T., Higgins, S.I., and Sankaran, M., 2011. When is a ‘forest’a savanna, and why does it matter? Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20(5), pp.653-660. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00634.x
Nickless, A., Scholes, R.J., and Archibald, S., 2011. A method for calculating the variance and confidence intervals for biomass estimates obtained from allometric equations. South African Journal of Science, 107, pp.1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v107i5/6.356
Wessels, K., Steenkamp, K., Von Maltitz, G., and Archibald, S., 2011. Remotely-sensed vegetation phenology for describing and predicting the biomes of South Africa. Journal of Applied Vegetation Science, 4(1), pp.49–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2010.01100.x
Wooster, M.J., Freeborn, P.H., Archibald, S., Oppenheimer, C., Roberts, G.J., Smith, T. E. L., Govender, N., Burton, M., and Palumbo, I., 2011. Field determination of biomass burning emission ratios and factors via open-path FTIR spectroscopy and fire radiative power assessment: headfire, backfire and residual smouldering combustion in African savannahs. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, pp.11591–11615. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11591-2011
2010
Hanan, N. P., Boulain, N., Williams, C. A., Scholes, R. J., and Archibald, S., 2010. Ecosystem Function in Savannas. In: Hill, M. J. & Hanan, N. P. (Eds.): Measurement and Modelling at Landscape to Global Scales Functional convergence in ecosystem carbon exchange in adjacent savanna vegetation types of the Kruger National Park, South Africa CRC Press, pp.77-95. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10275-7
Archibald, S., Nickless, A., Govender, N., Scholes, R., and Lehsten, V., 2010. Climate and the inter-annual variability of fire in southern Africa. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19, pp.794-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00568.x
Archibald, S., Scholes, R., Roy, D., Roberts, G., and Boschetti, L., 2010. Southern African fire regimes as revealed by remote sensing. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19(7), pp.861-878. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf10008
Archibald, S., Nickless, A., Schulze, R., and Scholes, R., 2010. Defining an appropriate measure of accumulated rainfall to estimate fuel loads and derive burnt area.
International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19, pp.774-786.
2009
Archibald, S., Roy, D.P., Van Wilgen, B., and Scholes, R.J., 2009. What limits fire? An examination of drivers of burnt area in southern Africa. Global Change Biology 15, pp.613-630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01754.x
Archibald, S., Kirton, A., van der Merwe, M., Scholes, R.J., Williams, C.A., and Hanan, N., 2009. Drivers of inter-annual variability in Net Ecosystem Exchange in a semi-arid savanna ecosystem, South Africa. Biogeosciences, 5, pp.3221-3266. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-251-2009
Merbold, L., Ardo, J., Arnet, A., Scholes, R.J., Nouvello, Y., de Grandcort, A., Archibald, S. et al., 2009. Precipitation as driver of carbon fluxes in 11 African ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 6(6), pp.1027-1041. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1027-2009
2008
Archibald, S., 2008. African Grazing Lawns – How fire, rainfall, and grazer numbers interact to affect grass community states. Journal of Wildlife Management, 72(2), pp.492-502. https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-045
2007
Archibald, S., and Scholes, R.J., 2007. Leaf green-up in a semi-arid African savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science, 18(4), pp.583-594. https://doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2007)18[583:lgiasa]2.0.co;2
2005
Archibald, S., Bond, W.J., Stock, W., and Fairbanks, D.F., 2005. Shaping the landscape: fire-grazer interactions in an African savanna. Ecological Applications 15(1), pp.96-109. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5210
2004
Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2004. Grazer movements: spatial and temporal responses to burning in a tall-grass African savanna. International Journal of Wildlands and Fire, 13, pp.377-385. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf03070
2003
Archibald, S., and Bond, W.J., 2003. Growing tall vs growing wide: Tree architecture and allometry of Acacia karroo in forest, savanna, and arid environments. Oikos, 102, pp.3-14. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12181.x
Bond, W.J., and Archibald, S., 2003. Confronting complexity: fire policy choices in South African savanna parks. International Journal of Wildlands and Fire, 12, pp.381-389. https://doi.org/10.1071/wf03024
